Abstract: Objective To evaluate the clinical value of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) in the treatment of spinal tuberculosis. Methods Nineteen patients with lumbar tuberculosis who conducted PELD from April 2012 to April 2015 were retrospectively analyzed, including 3 patients in Zhuzhou Central Hospital of Hunan Province and 16 patients in The 309th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army. During the regular anti-tuberculosis treatment, PELD was performed for lesion clearance and local anti-tuberculosis drug placement. The visual analog scale (VAS) score and erythrocyte sedimentation rate before and after surgery were compared. Results Nineteen patients were followed up from 18 to 48 months after surgery. The VAS score was reduced from 7.8 ± 1.3 before surgery to 3.2 ± 1.6 points one week after surgery; the difference was statistically significant (t=2.91, P<0.05). Laboratory erythrocyte sedimentation rate significantly declined from 55.0 ± 32.0 mm / 1h before surgery to 23.0 ± 7.0 mm / 1h one week after surgery (t=2.69, P<0.05). During the follow-up period, there were no cases with obvious symptom deterioration or recurrence cases. Out of 19 patients, 18 were cured, resulting in a cure rate of 94.7%. The remaining one case developed tuberculosis of gastrointestinal tract, and was transferred to The 309th Hospital of Chinese People’s Liberation Army for further treatment. Conclusion PELD treatment for spinal tuberculosis is an important supplement to the traditional open surgery, having good clinical efficacy.